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February 22, 2012
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Hypothetical particle solves lithium problem
PhysicsWorld
For more than a decade, scientists have been aware that the theory used to explain how the lightest elements are created overestimates the overall amount of lithium-7 in the universe. Now, physicists in the U.S. think the answer to this so-called lithium problem might lie in a hypothetical particle known as the axion. In a Physical Review Letters paper, Pierre Sikivie and colleagues at the University of Florida are proposing that after the Big Bang axions formed a Bose–Einstein condensate and that photons passing through it ultimately led to an increase in the baryon photon ratio, and a false impression of the amount of lithium that should have been created. But this theory has challenges; including requiring six different flavors of neutrinos, where currently only three have been observed. Results from the Planck satellite at least will get at the number of neutrino types, which will support or undermine this new theory.More

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