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Top AIPG eNews Articles of 2018
As 2018 comes to a close, AIPG would like to wish its members, partners and other industry professionals a safe and happy holiday season. As we reflect on the past year for the industry, we continue our look back at the most accessed articles from the year. Our regular publication will resume Tuesday, Jan. 8.
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U.S. Geological Survey
From April 25: On April 18, the USGS, along with approximately 60 partners, released a new fact sheet that summarizes a report from a larger study of what could happen during a major earthquake in the San Francisco Bay area along the Hayward Fault — arguably one of the most urbanized and interconnected areas in the nation. This study is called "The HayWired Earthquake Scenario."
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Geosciences
From March 6: The best-known and most-studied petrified wood specimens are those that are mineralized with polymorphs of silica: opal-A, opal-C, chalcedony and quartz. Less familiar are fossil woods preserved with non-silica minerals. This report reviews discoveries of woods mineralized with calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate, various iron and copper minerals, manganese oxide, fluorite, barite, natrolite and smectite clay. Regardless of composition, the processes of mineralization involve the same factors: availability of dissolved elements, pH, Eh and burial temperature.
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FLUTe new CHS system allows 4-8 ports in 2 inch casing
8 ports with peristaltic pumping
4 ports with positive displacement pumping.
Time to install 5-15 minutes by anyone
Simultaneous purge sampling for optimum spatial resolution Details
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New Atlas
From Oct. 23: It's said that time heals all wounds, and apparently that even applies to wounds on the Earth itself. Woodleigh Crater in Western Australia could be one of the largest impact craters on the planet, but getting an exact measure is hard when there's hundreds of millions of years of dirt and rock swept over the top of it. But now, researchers from Curtin University have discovered new evidence that the crater could be bigger than previously thought, thanks to the presence of one of the rarest minerals ever found.
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Geology via National Geography
From Feb. 13: What killed the dinosaurs? Few questions in science have been more mysterious — and more contentious. Today, most textbooks and teachers tell us that nonavian dinosaurs, along with three-fourths of all species on Earth, disappeared when a massive asteroid hit the planet near the Yucatán Peninsula some 66 million years ago. But a new study published in the journal Geology shows that an episode of intense volcanism in present-day India wiped out several species before that impact occurred.
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Newsweek
From Oct. 30: Arizona is about 8,500 miles from Australia — more than a third of the world away. Yet scientists think a chunk of the mountainous walls of the Grand Canyon now sits in the land down under. Researchers found rocks in Tasmania that contain minerals with a similar geochemical make-up to some of the oldest rock layers of the iconic American landmark. They published their results earlier this month in the journal Geology.
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CNN
From May 15: Scalding, black lava crept out of the largest fissure ripped open by Hawaii's Kilauea Volcano, consuming the lush, green landscape around it and lobbing balls of magma known as "spatter bombs" 500 feet into the air, according to footage and reports from the U.S. Geological Survey. Fissure No. 17 split the Earth near Leilani Estates, near the eastern point of Hawaii's Big Island. While authorities reported an 18th fissure opening May 13, the Hurricane Volcano Observatory walked that back, saying the latest crack in the Earth was actually part of Fissure 17. On May 14, Fissure 18 officially opened, according to the USGS.
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Nature Communications
From April 17: Columnar joints form by cracking during cooling-induced contraction of lava, allowing hydrothermal fluid circulation. A lack of direct observations of their formation has led to ambiguity about the temperature window of jointing and its impact on fluid flow. Here we develop a novel thermo-mechanical experiment to disclose the temperature of columnar jointing in lavas.
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Earth, Planets and Space
From Nov. 6: This study investigates phreatic eruptions at two similar volcanoes, Kawah Ijen (Indonesia) and White Island (New Zealand). By carefully processing broadband seismic signals, we reveal seismic signatures and characteristics of these eruptions. At both volcanoes, the phreatic eruptions are initiated by a very-long-period (VLP) seismic event located at shallow depths between 700 and 900 m below the crater region, and may be triggered by excitation of gas trapped behind a ductile magma carapace. The shallow hydrothermal systems respond in different ways.
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Princeton University
From Aug. 1: The oceans are the planet's most important depository for atmospheric carbon dioxide on time scales of decades to millenia. But the process of locking away greenhouse gas is weakened by activity of the Southern Ocean, so an increase in its activity could explain the mysterious warmth of the past 11,000 years, an international team of researchers reports.
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Minerals
From June 26: Silica polymorphs, such as quartz, tridymite, cristobalite, coesite, stishovite, seifertite, baddeleyite-type SiO2, high-pressure silica glass, moganite and opal, have been found in lunar and/or martian rocks by macro-microanalyses of the samples and remote-sensing observations on the celestial bodies. Because each silica polymorph is stable or metastable at different pressure and temperature conditions, its appearance is variable depending on the occurrence of the lunar and Martian rocks.
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