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Top AIPG eNews Articles of 2017
As 2017 comes to a close, AIPG would like to wish its members, partners and other industry professionals a safe and happy holiday season. As we reflect on the past year for the industry, we continue our look back at the most accessed articles from the year. Our regular publication will resume Tuesday, Jan. 9.
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Nature
From Sept. 12: A deadly magnitude-8.2 earthquake struck the southern coast of Mexico on Sept. 7, killing dozens of people and injuring at least 200. The tremor, which Mexican president Enrique Peña Nieto said was the strongest registered in the past century, prompted mass evacuations along the country's Pacific coast. The region where the earthquake struck is one of the most active seismic zones in the country: this is where the Cocos Plate dives, or subducts, under the North American plate. But this quake was different.
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University of Granada via Phys.org
From Jan. 31: A team of Andalusian scientists led by the University of Granada has been able to reconstruct for the first time what the Gibraltar Arc was like 9 million years ago. It's one of the narrowest landforms on Earth. The researchers have been able to prove that, since then, large blocks of land with sizes of about 300 kilometers long and 150 kilometers wide have rotated clockwise (in the case of the Baetic System mountain range) and counterclockwise (in the case of the Rif mountain range, in the north of Morocco). These movements have completely reshaped the Gibraltar Arc.
(More information: Ana Crespo-Blanc et al, Clues for a Tortonian reconstruction of the Gibraltar Arc: Structural pattern, deformation diachronism and block rotations, Tectonophysics (2016). DOI: 10.1016/j.tecto.2016.05.045)
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Geoscience Frontiers
From Nov. 7: The six largest known impact craters of the last 250 Myr (at least 70 km in diameter), which are capable of causing significant environmental damage, coincide with four times of recognized extinction events at 36 (with two craters), 66 and 145 Myr ago, and possibly with two provisional extinction events at 168 and 215 Myr ago. These impact cratering events are accompanied by layers in the geologic record interpreted as impact ejecta. Chance occurrences of impacts and extinctions can be rejected at confidence levels of 99.96 percent (for four impact/extinctions) to 99.99 percent (for six impact/extinctions). These results argue that several extinction events over the last 250 Myr may be related to the effects of large-body impacts.
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U.S. Geological Survey
From Sept. 5: A carbonatite here, a glacial moraine there, a zig-zagging fault or two, even a behemoth of a batholith. The geology of the 50 States is an enormous patchwork of varied forms, beautiful in their variance but challenging to present as a single map. Fortunately, in an effort with needlepoint detail, the U.S. Geological Survey has stitched together geologic maps of the Lower 48 States, providing a seamless quilt of 48 State geologic maps that range from 1:50,000 to 1:1,000,000 scale.
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This technique provides the contaminant distribution on the 6 in. to 3 ft scale, as desired. It's obtained by diffusion of the dissolved phase into an activated carbon felt strip pressed against the wall by a flexible liner in a sealed borehole.
For details: www.flut.com or ask: info@flut.com
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Nature
From March 21: Enormous volcanoes vomited lava over the ancient Earth much more often than geologists had suspected. Eruptions as big as the biggest previously known ones happened at least 10 times in the past 3 billion years, an analysis of the geological record shows. Such eruptions are linked with some of the most profound changes in Earth's history.
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Australian National University via Phys.org
From June 13: Scientists at the Australian National University have found that independent estimates from geology and biology agree on the timing of the breakup of the Pangaea supercontinent into today's continents. Lead researcher Sarah McIntyre said geologic dating of the continental drift and biological dating of the genetic drift provided independent estimates of the break-up dates over the past 180 million years.
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National Geographic
From June 27: Video from Greenland shows a powerful tsunami striking an inhabited part of the island's western shore. The disaster that ravaged the island has left four people presumed dead, dozens injured, and 11 homes washed away from the remote region near the small town of Nuugaatsiaq.
A 4.0 magnitude earthquake was recorded as the storm surged, but geologists believe a landslide could be to blame for the deadly tsunami.
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National Geographic
From Oct. 4: So far, we don't know much about the world's disputed "lost continent," but a group of scientists set out to change that. For two months, a team of 32 scientists from the International Ocean Discovery Program explored a region — being called Zealandia — that lies just east of Australia. Zealandia for many years it sat unknown, at depths ranging from 8,000 to 13,000 feet below the sea. The researchers collected a host of data, including by drilling into seabed, retrieving 8,202 feet of sediment cores. In these cores, the team found records of life in the region dating back millions of years.
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UC Davis
From June 20: Volcanologists are gaining a new understanding of what's going on inside the magma reservoir that lies below an active volcano, and they're finding a colder, more solid place than previously thought, according to new research published June 16 in the journal Science. It's a new view of how volcanoes work, and could eventually help volcanologists get a better idea of when a volcano poses the most risk.
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Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution via Phys.org
From March 7: The temperature of Earth's interior affects everything from the movement of tectonic plates to the formation of the planet. A new study led by Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution suggests the mantle may be hotter than previously believed.
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