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Top AIPG eNews Articles of 2017
As 2017 comes to a close, AIPG would like to wish its members, partners and other industry professionals a safe and happy holiday season. As we reflect on the past year for the industry, we would like to provide a look back at the most accessed articles from the year. Look for more of the top articles from 2017 in the Jan. 2 issue. Our regular publication will resume Tuesday, Jan. 9.
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AIPG
From Jan. 24: On terrestrial planets and moons of our solar system cores reveal details about a geological structure's formation, content, and history. The strategy for the search for life is focused first on finding water which serves as a universal solvent, and identifying the rocks which such solvent act upon to release the constituent salts, minerals, ferrites, and organic compounds and chemicals necessary for life. Dielectric spectroscopy measures the dielectric properties of a medium as a function of frequency. Reflection measurements in the frequency range from 300 kHz to 300 MHz were carried out using RF and microwave network analyzers interrogating SansEC Sensors placed on clean geological core samples. These were conducted to prove the concept feasibility of a new geology instrument useful in the field and laboratory. The results show that unique complex frequency spectra can be acquired for a variety of rock core samples. Using a combination of dielectric spectroscopy and computer simulation techniques the magnitude and phase information of the frequency spectra can be converted to dielectric spectra. These low-frequency dielectric properties of natural rock are unique, easily determined and useful in characterizing geology.
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The Atlantic
From Sept. 12: The weight of water can deform the Earth's crust, if there's enough of it. And we can measure that change with the ultraprecise global-positioning satellites humans have launched into orbit.
On Sept. 4, Chris Milliner of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory tweeted a simple map visualizing data from the Nevada Geodetic Laboratory. It showed that the GPS data from special stations around Houston detected that the whole area had been pushed down roughly two centimeters by the weight of the water that fell during Hurricane Harvey.
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Eos
From April 18: In the northern part of the Indonesian island of Sumatra lies the Toba caldera, a massive crater formed by what scientists think is the largest volcanic eruption ever experienced by humanity. The eruption, called the Youngest Toba Tuff supereruption, took place about 74,000 years ago. By dating zircon, a diamond-like gemstone, and other minerals in the area such as quartz, Reid and Vazquez have pieced together clues about the activity of magma below the surface prior to the supereruption.
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This technique provides the contaminant distribution on the 6 in. to 3 ft scale, as desired. It's obtained by diffusion of the dissolved phase into an activated carbon felt strip pressed against the wall by a flexible liner in a sealed borehole.
For details: www.flut.com or ask: info@flut.com
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The Washington Post
From Aug. 22: It's hard to imagine a less auspicious time to be a tiny creature trying to eke out an existence. But this period, called the Cryogenian, is when complex animal life got going. From the wreckage of this ice-and-fire-scourged planet emerged the evolutionary group that would give rise to jellyfish and corals, mollusks, snails, fish, dinosaurs, beetles, birds and, eventually, all of us. This is no coincidence, scientists say.
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University of Washington via ScienceDaily
From April 25: A postmortem of the first known case of "river piracy" in modern times outlines how a retreating glacier in the Yukon diverted water from one river to another, leading to many downstream effects.
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Michigan Technological University via ScienceDaily
From Feb. 14: Three new minerals recently found are secondary crusts found in old uranium mines in southern Utah. They're bright, yellow and hard to find. Meet leesite, leószilárdite and redcanyonite.
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University of Massachusetts at Amherst via ScienceDaily
From July 11: One structural geologist calls it the "million-dollar question" that underlies all work in her laboratory: what goes on deep in the Earth as strike-slip faults form in the crust? This is the fault type that occurs when two tectonic plates slide past one another, generating the waves of energy we sometimes feel as earthquakes.
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Forbes
From Jan. 31: The Arizona Geological Survey is monitoring a 2-mile long crack that has opened up in the Arizona desert. Recent drone flights over the crack reveal that it has continued to grow both in length and width in Pinal County, to the southeast of Phoenix. Scientists are actively monitoring the crack and took drone video of the extent of the fissure as normal documentation of an area prone to large cracks in the Earth.
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Tohoku University via Phys.org
From May 16: Earth's history should include "pre-plate tectonic" and "plate tectonic" phases beginning less than a billion years ago, according to a team of geoscientists in the journal Geology. Earth formed about 4.6 billion years ago. As the surface cooled, it formed a crust over a molten magma interior. Geoscientists disagree over when plate tectonics began — specifically when the top layer of the crust, the lithosphere, began to slide over the underlying mantle. Estimates range from as early as a few tens of millions of years after the Earth formed, to as late as 750 million years ago.
Part of the debate surrounds how to define plate tectonics.
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Rice University via ScienceDaily
From Aug. 15: A microplate discovered off the west coast of Ecuador adds another piece to Earth's tectonic puzzle, according to Rice University scientists.
Researchers led by Rice geophysicist Richard Gordon discovered the microplate, which they have named "Malpelo," while analyzing the junction of three other plates in the eastern Pacific Ocean.
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