This matter is both a superfluid, which has zero friction and viscosity, and a kind of Bose-Einstein condensate - sometimes described as the fifth state of matter - and it allows light to actually flow around objects and corners.
High-power mid-infrared (mid-IR) lasers are used for laser surgery, as well as in some types of materials processing—both of which require that the optical power be easily, precisely, and safely moved to the right spot, wherever that may be.
Moths can track down smells, such as the scent released by a potential mate. This activity is usually an individual behavior. But Antonio Celani of the Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics in Italy and colleagues, wondered if the collective behavior of swarming might let moth-like agents search more efficiently.
Freeform and aspheric optics have become popular because they provide better performance than traditional optics and can do so with fewer optical elements. The downside of the higher performance is increased complexity in design, manufacturing, and testing.
A collaboration between Intel and Ayar Labs has produced the TeraPHY chip, which achieves up to 2.56 Tbit/s I/O over 24 channels with no forward error correction required.
Physicists at MIT have designed a quantum "light squeezer" that reduces quantum noise in an incoming laser beam by 15 percent. It is the first system of its kind to work at room temperature, making it amenable to a compact, portable setup that may be added to high-precision experiments to improve laser measurements where quantum noise is a limiting factor.
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